Cambronne-lès-Clermont (Oise, France) - Saint-Étienne
- Disclaimer
The dating found here is based on the work of John James, and is meant on this site to serve as a starting point. James' dating is derived from a system that uses his interpretation of the development of capitals over time as the basis for chronology, among other factors. His goal is to refine the dating to within years rather than decades. I have not fully embraced James' methodology, and will be developing this page from its current state to one which is admittedly more conservative. The relative expenditure values found in the Timeline are also based on James' work, and I believe these to be reasonably reliable. They are intended only to give a sense of the amount of work involved in each decade.
I have added the idea of the "project" as a way of separating work in buildings. In my mind, a "project" is a discrete section of work in a building that resulted from the one-time acquisition of funding. "Projects" are generally separated by at least a decade where no work was being done. It is my view that it would have been unwise to start a "project" that could not be finished and protected from the elements, and as such a "project" usually involved a wing or multiple wings of a building, from floor to roof. Rural churches, which could only secure small amounts of funding at irregular intervals, often were the result of many small projects, while the great churches, which benefitted from relatively consistent funding, may have involved only a few large projects.
I have added the idea of the "project" as a way of separating work in buildings. In my mind, a "project" is a discrete section of work in a building that resulted from the one-time acquisition of funding. "Projects" are generally separated by at least a decade where no work was being done. It is my view that it would have been unwise to start a "project" that could not be finished and protected from the elements, and as such a "project" usually involved a wing or multiple wings of a building, from floor to roof. Rural churches, which could only secure small amounts of funding at irregular intervals, often were the result of many small projects, while the great churches, which benefitted from relatively consistent funding, may have involved only a few large projects.
- Timeline with Relative Expenditure (if available, in building units)
- Project A - Earlier - Phase 1 -
An apse and square bay occupied the space to the east of the present nave;
- Project B - 1110s - Phase 2 - north wall
North arm and north nave aisle to west wall with dado arcade, smaller shafts or pilaster, possibly for groin vaults, in a number of small campaigns; the eastern joint is by the stairs on the outside; probably only the lower 9 courses to putlog holes below windows; small indications of changed contractors are that the dado on the south side is not same as the north, nor are the windows to the same detail, and the wn5 buttress is deeper and narrower than ws5 buttress;
- Project B - 1110s - Phase 3 - south (a-)
South bay with opening into nave aisle wider than north by 20m; only the head cap sw1s aisles remains;
- Project B - 1110s - Phase 4 - south (a)
South caps and vaults with caryatid supports under the ribs, very domical form and peaked arches, non-structural boss; position of wall on south indicated at the west end, and on the east to above the door in the first choir bay, now blocked;
- Project C - 1140s - Phase 5 - n nave (a)
North nave arcade piers for ribs, with work more advanced at the eastern end, and bases only along the west wall; shafts added over the face of the north aisle wall; wall included part of window in first bay; continued around north transept to its capitals and the stairs; included the first aisle window on the north, as it is small and set higher than those along the rest of the west wall;
- Project C - 1130s - Phase 6 - west
Set out short section west end of south aisle to middle external buttress and the lower stones of the small west window; joint lies to south of this middle buttress; also in the north completed transept walls with oculus in west wall;
- Project C - 1130s - Phase 7 - crossing (a)
Crossing not designed for ribs, with shafts and capitals; widened to the north where shafts lie over the earlier rib shafts; demolition of older square bay, though apse probably left in place;
- Project C - 1130s - Phase 8 - crossing (c)
Crossing vault sits on corbels;
- Project C - 1150s - Phase 9 - w portal
West door and encasing buttresses not bonded into earlier adjacent walls; the northern interior pier wn5 had been begun earlier and in this campaign both were extended over the inner face of the west wall; the south shafts cover part of the earlier dado; includes the capitals in the portal; it is probable that there had been an earlier west entry into the church that had supported the aisle vaults, and there was some reconstruction on the north side for the new capitals;
- Project C - 1150s - Phase 10 - w nave (a)
On the interior the capitals to either side of the west door and to about the heads of the western windows
- Project C - 1160s - Phase 11 - s nave (a)
South nave aisle, capitals and vaults at the same level as the north aisle; the external wall had been begun in a different campaign; octagonal room over crossing;
- Project C - 1160s - Phase 12 - nave (c)
Nave clerestory and vaults in at least three campaigns, with the capitals with the west window;
- Project C - 1160s - Phase 13 - tower II, spire
Both levels of the crossing tower with the spire;
- Project D - 1230s - Phase 14 - east 1-3 (a)
Eastern two bays of the choir and their piers and aisle vaults to the top of the capitals in the triforium; stepped joints to the east of buttresses; removal of the older apse;
- Project D - 1230s - Phase 15 - east 3-5 (t)
Two eastern bays of choir with and es3-s door;
- Project D - 1240s - Phase 16 - east 3-5
Two eastern bays of choir triforium, clerestory and vaults
- Project E - Later - Phase 17 -
South nave aisle wall moved to the south and arcade piers raised with the vaults into the clerestory windows that are still there in outline; the vault and arcade arches were constructed from c12 profiles that suggest the earlier vault had been taken down and rebuilt at the higher level; the gable roof had a gutter over the arcade;
- Primary Sources for Dating
There are no primary source documents for this building